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Mansonella perstans is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm), transmitted by tiny blood-sucking flies called midges. [1] Mansonella perstans is one of two filarial nematodes that causes serous cavity filariasis in humans. The other filarial nematode is Mansonella ozzardi.
Mansonella is a genus of parasitic nematodes. [1] It includes three species that are responsible for the disease mansonelliasis : Mansonella ozzardi , M. perstans , and M. streptocerca . [ 2 ] A potential fourth species has been identified in Gabon in 2015 and proposed as a new species Mansonella sp. "DEUX". [ 3 ]
Mansonella ozzardi can cause symptoms that include arthralgias, headaches, fever, pulmonary symptoms, adenopathy, hepatomegaly, and pruritus. [1] Eosinophilia is often prominent but do not occur in all cases of Mansonelliasis. M. perstans can also present with Calabar-like swellings, hives, and a condition known as Kampala, or Ugandan eye worm. [2]
Mansonella streptocerca, and Onchocerca volvulus. These worms occupy the layer just under the skin. O. volvulus causes river blindness. Serous cavity filariasis is caused by the worms Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi, which occupy the serous cavity of the abdomen. Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm, rarely infects humans.
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Mansonella ozzardi; Mansonella perstans [8] Some Dirofilaria species usually parasitize animals such as dogs, but occasionally infect humans as well. They are not well adapted to humans as hosts and seldom develop properly though they may cause various confusing symptoms. [7]