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Satta sambojjhaṅgā: satta – seven; sam- - a prefix meaning complete, full, highest; bojjh(i) < bodhi – an abstract noun formed from the verbal root *budh-(to awake, become aware, notice, know or understand) corresponding to the verbs bujjhati (Pāli) and bodhati or budhyate (Sanskrit);
In Hindu traditions, moksha is a central concept [6] and the utmost aim of human life; the other three aims are dharma (virtuous, proper, moral life), artha (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and kama (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment). [7] Together, these four concepts are called Puruṣārtha in Hinduism. [8]
The systematic presentation of Hindu monotheism as divided into these four paths or "Yogas" is modern, advocated by Swami Vivekananda from the 1890s in his book Raja Yoga. [3] [4] They are presented as four paths to God suitable for four human temperaments, viz. the active, the emotional, the philosophical and the mystic. [5]
Bronze statue representing the discourse of Bhagavan Krishna and Arjuna, in Kurukshetra. Karma yoga (Sanskrit: कर्म योग), also called Karma marga, is one of the three classical spiritual paths mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita, one based on the "yoga of action", [1] the others being Jnana yoga (path of knowledge) and Bhakti yoga (path of loving devotion to a personal god).
The remaining three paths—namely: once-return (sakadāgāmin), non-return (anāgāmin), and sainthood (arahatta)—become "destined" (sammatta niyāma) for the stream-entrant, whose enlightenment as a disciple (ariya-sāvaka) becomes inevitable within seven lives transmigrating among gods and humans.
Yoga — This translates to path or discipline, often referring to a spiritual practice or way of life. Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga represents a philosophical concept in Hinduism, particularly in the context of the Bhagavad Gita. It combines the ideas of knowledge, action, and renunciation as a path to spiritual enlightenment and self-realisation.
Shaktism, or traditions where a goddess is considered identical to Brahman, has similarly flowered from a syncretism of the monist premises of Advaita Vedanta and dualism premises of Samkhya–Yoga school of Hindu philosophy, sometimes referred to as Shaktadavaitavada (literally, the path of nondualistic Shakti).
In summary, the second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, Samkhya Yoga, is a profound discourse on the nature of the self, the importance of selfless action, and the path to spiritual enlightenment. Krishna teaches Arjuna to transcend the dualities of life, cultivate detachment, and embrace a disciplined and balanced approach to challenges.