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Topical gels are commonly used in cosmetics, which include shampoos, dentifrices, skin and hair care formulations and fragrance products, [1] [2] and can be used to treat scalp inflammation. [ 2 ] Topical gels can be used to deliver anti-inflammatory steroids to the scalp in treatment of scalp inflammations.
An observational study of using octenidine on the skin of patients in 17 intensive care units in Berlin in 2014 showed decreasing nosocomial infection rates. [7]In a survey of German neonatal intensive-care units octenidine without phenoxyethanol and octenidine were the most common skin antiseptics used for intensive-care procedures.
The European Medicines Agency recommended suspending the marketing authorisation of ingenol mebutate due to concerns regarding increased incidence of skin cancer in patients treated with topical ingenol mebutate compared to vehicle or imiquimod. Physicians were advised to refrain from prescribing ingenol and to use different treatment options. [10]
Meta-analysis of clinical trials has shown this combined therapy to be more effective than either of its ingredients by themselves. [6]The use of adapalene/benzoyl peroxide in combination with oral antibiotics (lymecycline) has been studied; [7] the combination was well tolerated and showed an improved success rate compared to those receiving only antibiotics (47.6% vs. 33.7%, P = 0.002).
The skin on the face is most commonly treated, but peels can also be performed on the body. Chemical peels are intended to remove the outermost layers of the skin. To accomplish this task, the chosen peel solution induces a controlled injury to the skin, which causes the skin to peel.
It has the form of an orange or brown powder. It may be harmful in the eyes or if inhaled. It is a dye and it stains the skin and may irritate. The hydrochloride form is more irritating than the neutral form. It is derived from acridine. Commercial preparations are often mixtures with proflavine. [1] It is known by a variety of commercial names.
A typical electrode gel consists of a mixture of water, a thickener such as polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethyl cellulose, and an electrolyte to increase conductivity. [1] [2] Some electrode gels have been shown to pose a potential fire risk when high-energy pulses are used, as for example when defibrillators are used. [3]
They are used to disinfect the skin before injections, among other uses. Diguanides including chlorhexidine gluconate , a bacteriocidal antiseptic which (with an alcoholic solvent) is considered a safe and effective antiseptic for reducing the risk of infection after clean surgery, [ 11 ] including tourniquet-controlled upper limb surgery. [ 12 ]