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Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
Evolution by gene duplication is an event by which a gene or part of a gene can have two identical copies that can not be distinguished from each other. This phenomenon is understood to be an important source of novelty in evolution, providing for an expanded repertoire of molecular activities.
It is called the Gene Duplication problem or more generally Gene Tree parsimony. The problem was seen as a way to detect paralogy to get better species tree reconstruction. [ 108 ] [ 109 ] It is NP-hard, with interesting results on the problem complexity [ 91 ] [ 110 ] and the behaviour of the model with different input size, structure and ILS ...
The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, [1] is a hypothesis that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent two whole genome duplications, and thus modern vertebrate genomes reflect paleopolyploidy.
[6] [7] [8] Gene redundancy has long been appreciated as a source of novel gene origination; [8] that is, new genes may arise when selective pressure exists on the duplicate, while the original gene is maintained to perform the original function, as proposed by newer models [4]. Figure 1. Common mechanisms of gene duplication.
Copy number variation was initially thought to occupy an extremely small and negligible portion of the genome through cytogenetic observations. [12] Copy number variations were generally associated only with small tandem repeats or specific genetic disorders, [13] therefore, copy number variations were initially only examined in terms of specific loci.
Gene duplication, a process which can result in free mutation; Chromosomal duplication, which can cause Bloom and Rett syndrome; Polyploidy, a phenomenon also known as ancient genome duplication; Enteric duplication cysts, certain portions of the gastrointestinal tract; Diprosopus, a form of cojoined twins also known as craniofacial duplication
Viet Nguyen (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Việt, 25 February 1981 – 6 October 2007) and Duc Nguyen (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Đức, born 25 February 1981) were a pair of Vietnamese conjoined twins surgically separated in 1988. Viet died in 2007 of natural causes. Viet and Duc were born on 25 February 1981, in Sa Thầy, Kon Tum Province. Viet was the ...