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Sulfonamide is a functional group (a part of a molecule) that is the basis of several groups of drugs, which are called sulphonamides, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group.
Author of The Demon Under the Microscope, a history of the discovery of the sulfa drugs; A History of the Fight Against Tuberculosis in Canada (Chemotherapy) Presentation speech, Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, 1939; The History of WW II Medicine "Five Medical Miracles of the Sulfa Drugs". Popular Science, June 1942, pp. 73–78.
Use of sulfasalazine is contraindicated in people with sulfa allergies and in those with urinary tract obstructions, intestinal obstructions, and severe liver or kidney problems. [4] Sulfasalazine metabolizes to sulfapyridine. Serum levels should be monitored every three months, and more frequently at the outset.
Sulfanilamide is a yellowish-white or white crystal or fine powder. It has a density of 1.08 g/cm 3 and a melting point of 164.5-166.5 °C. The pH of a 0.5% aqueous solution of Sulfanilamide is 5.8 to 6.1. It has a λ max of 255 and 312 nm. [5] Solubility: One gram of sulphanilamide dissolves in approximately 37 ml alcohol or in 5 ml acetone.
Sulfapyridine is no longer prescribed for treatment of infections in humans. However, it may be used to treat linear IgA disease and has use in veterinary medicine. [1] It is a good antibacterial drug, but its water solubility is very pH dependent.
Sulfathiazole is an organosulfur compound used as a short-acting sulfa drug. [1] Formerly, it was a common oral and topical antimicrobial, until less toxic alternatives were discovered. [2] Sulfathiazole exists in various forms . The imine tautomer is dominant in solid samples. [3]
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ or SMX) is an antibiotic.It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis and is effective against both gram negative and positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes.
Mafenide is used to treat severe burns. [1] [2] It is used topically as an adjunctive therapy for second- and third-degree burns.It is bacteriostatic against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.