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  2. Genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variation

    Genetic variation can be identified at many levels. Identifying genetic variation is possible from observations of phenotypic variation in either quantitative traits (traits that vary continuously and are coded for by many genes, e.g., leg length in dogs) or discrete traits (traits that fall into discrete categories and are coded for by one or a few genes, e.g., white, pink, or red petal color ...

  3. Population bottleneck - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_bottleneck

    Population bottleneck followed by recovery or extinction. A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human activities such as genocide, speciocide, widespread violence or intentional culling.

  4. Genetic variability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variability

    Genetic variability is either the presence of, or the generation of, genetic differences. It is defined as "the formation of individuals differing in genotype , or the presence of genotypically different individuals, in contrast to environmentally induced differences which, as a rule, cause only temporary, nonheritable changes of the phenotype ."

  5. Human genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

    The study of human genetic variation has evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists reconstruct and understand patterns of past human migration. In medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in certain population groups.

  6. Human variability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_variability

    This is due to a need for an increased exposure and absorbance of sunlight to make sure the body can produce enough vitamin D for survival. [2] Blackfoot disease is a disease caused by environmental pollution and causes people to have black, charcoal-like skin in the lower limbs. This is caused by arsenic pollution in water and food source. [3]

  7. Gene flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_flow

    In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent allele frequencies and therefore can be considered a single effective population.

  8. Genetic variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variance

    Genetic variance has three major components: the additive genetic variance, dominance variance, and epistatic variance. [3] Additive genetic variance involves the inheritance of a particular allele from your parent and this allele's independent effect on the specific phenotype, which will cause the phenotype deviation from the mean phenotype.

  9. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    As a result, the genetic variation at those sites is higher than at sites where variation does influence fitness. [103] However, after a period with no new mutations, the genetic variation at these sites is eliminated due to genetic drift. Natural selection reduces genetic variation by eliminating maladapted individuals, and consequently the ...