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The National Covenant (Scottish Gaelic: An Cùmhnant Nàiseanta) [1] [2] was an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, opposing the proposed Laudian reforms of the Church of Scotland (also known as the Kirk) by King Charles I. The king's efforts to impose changes on the church in the 1630s caused widespread protests across ...
When followed in 1637 by a new Book of Common Prayer, it resulted in riots, and in February 1638, representatives from all sections of Scottish society agreed a National Covenant, pledging resistance to liturgical 'innovations.' [7] It tapped into widespread dissatisfaction with the policies advocated by a largely absentee monarch, and the loss ...
While the National Covenant said nothing about bishops, they were expelled from the kirk when the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland met in Glasgow in December 1638. [13] Support for the Covenant was widespread except in Aberdeenshire and Banff, centre of Episcopalian resistance for the next 60 years. [14]
1637 – Charles attempts to impose Anglican services on the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Jenny Geddes reacts starting a tumult which leads to the National Covenant. 1639–1640 – Bishops' Wars start in Scotland.
The perception the kirk was under threat prompted representatives from all sections of society to sign a National Covenant on 28 February 1638, objecting to liturgical 'innovations.' [14] Support for the Covenant was widespread except in Aberdeen and Banff, the heartland of Episcopalian resistance for the next 60 years. [15]
The National Youth Assembly, often shortened to NYA, was an annual gathering of young people aged between 17 and 25 years old within the Church of Scotland. [89] It ran from 1994 to 2019 [ 90 ] and was run by the Mission and Discipleship Council of the Church, as part of Church of Scotland Youth (CoSY).
The Signing of the National Covenant in Greyfriars Churchyard, 1638, a painting by William Hole from 1903. Incidents which can be seen as leading to the wars of the Three Kingdoms: Personal Rule - The period of 1629-1640 where King Charles I ruled without recourse to Parliament.
The Signing of the National Covenant. The Victorian painter William Hole places Alexander Henderson (standing on the gravestone) at the centre of events in 1638. Archibald Johnston is on the left. [4] Johnston first came to public notice in 1637 during Charles I's attempt to force an Episcopalian liturgy upon Scotland. [3]