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Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in a signal chain.These figures of merit are used to evaluate the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver, with lower values indicating better performance.
A spectrum analyzer is also used to determine, by direct observation, the bandwidth of a digital or analog signal. A spectrum analyzer interface is a device that connects to a wireless receiver or a personal computer to allow visual detection and analysis of electromagnetic signals over a defined band of frequencies.
A noise-figure meter could automate that procedure as follows: A gated broadband noise source (such as an avalanche diode) drives the device under test. A measurement is made with the noise source on; another measurement with the noise source off. From those measurements and the characteristics of the noise source, the noise figure can be ...
Noise figure measurements can be made with a noise diode, a power supply for the noise diode, and a spectrum analyser. They can also be made with a specialist noise figure meter. The advantage of the noise figure meter is that it will automatically switch the noise diode on and off, giving a continuous reading of Y; it will also have the ...
Measurement from a spectrum analyzer showing a noise-like measurement from an unspecified component.. In signal theory, the noise floor is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where noise is defined as any signal other than the one being monitored.
For perfect reconstruction, the spectrum analyzer must preserve both the amplitude and phase of each frequency component. These two pieces of information can be represented as a 2-dimensional vector, as a complex number , or as magnitude (amplitude) and phase in polar coordinates (i.e., as a phasor ).
Here, k ≈ 1.38 × 10 −23 J/K is the Boltzmann constant and kT 0 is the available noise power density (the noise is thermal noise, Johnson noise). As a numerical example: A receiver has a bandwidth of 100 MHz , a noise figure of 1.5 dB and the physical temperature of the system is 290 K .
Noise measurement can also be part of a test procedure using white noise, or some other specialized form of test signal.In audio systems and broadcasting, specific methods are used to obtain subjectively valid results in order that different devices and signal paths may be compared regardless of the inconsistent spectral distribution and temporal properties of the noise that they generate.