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Traditionally, patrician refers to members of the upper class, while plebeian refers to lower class. [2] Economic differentiation saw a small number of families accumulate most of the wealth in Rome, thus giving way to the creation of the patrician and plebeian classes. [2]
The patricians in ancient Rome were of the same status as aristocrats in Greek society. [9] Being of the noble class meant that patricians were able to participate in government and politics, while the plebeians could not. This privilege was important in ancient Roman history and eventually caused a large divide between the two classes.
From the Patrician State to the Patricio-Plebeian State. Amsterdam: A.M. Hakkert. Horsfall, Nicholas (2003). The Culture of the Roman Plebs. London: Duckworth. Millar, Fergus (2002). The Crowd In Rome In the Late Republic. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Mitchell, Richard E. (1990). Patricians and plebeians: The origin of the Roman ...
The Conflict of the Orders or the Struggle of the Orders was a political struggle between the plebeians (commoners) and patricians (aristocrats) of the ancient Roman Republic lasting from 500 BC to 287 BC in which the plebeians sought political equality with the patricians.
Moya K. Mason, Ancient Roman Women: A Look at their Lives. Essay on the lives of Roman women. "Wife-beating in Ancient Rome": an article by Joy Connolly in the TLS, April 9, 2008 "An etext version of: Ferrero, Guglielmo. "Women and Marriage in Ancient Rome." The Women of the Caesars. The Century Co.; New York, 1911.
According to Livy, there were two temples of Pudicitia in Rome, the Temple of Pudicitia Patricia and the Temple of Pudicitia Plebeia.The original one was for women of the patrician class only, but when Verginia was excluded on account of marrying a plebeian consul, she and a group of plebeian matrons founded an altar of Pudicitia for women of the plebeian class as well.
Certain patrician families regularly opposed the sharing of power with the plebeians, while others favoured it, and some were divided. [2] [4] [9] Many gentes included both patrician and plebeian branches. These may have arisen through adoption or manumission, or when two unrelated families bearing the same nomen became confused.
A series of clashes between the people and the ruling patricians in 495 and 494 BC brought the plebeians to the brink of revolt, and there was talk of assassinating the consuls. Instead, on the advice of Lucius Sicinius Vellutus, the plebeians seceded en masse to the Mons Sacer (the Sacred Mount), a hill outside of Rome. [2]