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Rice bran is a byproduct of the rice-milling process (the conversion of brown rice to white rice), and it contains various antioxidants. A major rice bran fraction contains 12%–13% oil and highly unsaponifiable components (4.3%).
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Rice husk ash has long been used in ceramic glazes in rice growing regions in the Far East, e.g. China and Japan. [2] Being about 95% silica, it is an easy way of introducing the necessary silica into the glaze, and the small particle size helps with an early melt of the glaze.
To produce white rice, the bran layer and the germ are removed, leaving mostly the starchy endosperm. This process causes the reduction or complete depletion of several vitamins and dietary minerals. Missing nutrients, such as vitamins B1 and B3 , and iron , are sometimes added back into the white rice, a process called enrichment . [ 13 ]
Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products. Cereal grains and their components, such as wheat germ oil , [ 4 ] rice bran oil , and maize bran, [ 5 ] may be used as a source from which vegetable oil is extracted, or used directly as a food ingredient.
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Rice bran oil is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called bran. It is known for its high smoke point of 232 °C (450 °F) and mild flavor, making it suitable for high-temperature cooking methods such as stir frying and deep frying .
The largest exporter of maize is the US, while India is the largest exporter of rice. China is the largest importer of maize and of rice. Many other countries trade cereals, both as exporters and as importers. [83] Cereals are traded as futures on world commodity markets, helping to mitigate the risks of changes in price for example, if ...