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Similarly high value of phylogenetic signal results in an existence of similar traits between closely related biological species, while increasing evolutionary distance between related species leads to decrease in similarity. [4] With a help of phylogenetic signal we can quantify to what degree closely related biological taxa share similar ...
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), also known as TRANCE receptor or TNFRSF11A, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) molecular sub-family. RANK is the receptor for RANK-Ligand and part of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. It is associated with bone ...
Regulation of gene expression by a hormone receptor Diagram showing at which stages in the DNA-mRNA-protein pathway expression can be controlled. Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. [1] It has been found to be conserved between mammalian species, [2] as well as yeast [1] [3] and worm organisms.
In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells.. Akt/PKB signalling pathway
Another example, sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, is one of the key regulators of embryonic development and is present in all bilaterians. [2] Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins, which give cells information to make the embryo develop properly and correctly into a head or a tail.
A slope greater than one thus indicates positively cooperative binding between the receptor and the ligand, while a slope less than one indicates negatively cooperative binding. Transformations of equations into linear forms such as this were very useful before the widespread use of computers, as they allowed researchers to determine parameters ...
One measure of how well a molecule fits a receptor is its binding affinity, which is inversely related to the dissociation constant K d. A good fit corresponds with high affinity and low K d. The final biological response (e.g. second messenger cascade, muscle-contraction), is only achieved after a significant number of receptors are activated.