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The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
The causes of schizophrenia may include genetic and environmental factors. [7] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants . [ 21 ] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city , childhood adversity, cannabis use during adolescence, infections, the age of a person's mother or father , and poor ...
The DSM-V lists visual hallucinations as a primary diagnostic criterion for several psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Visual hallucinations can occur as a symptom of the above psychotic disorders in 24% to 72% of patients at some point in the course of their illness.
In alternative medicine, some practitioners believe that there is a vast number of physical causes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. [196] While some of these explanations may stretch credulity, others (such as heavy metal poisoning and nutritional imbalances) have been supported at least somewhat by research. [47] [197] [198]
Cannabis is a known risk factor for developing psychosis that can progress to schizophrenia but this is the first time researchers have found brain-level changes in an at-risk population in real time.
Visual hallucinations occur in roughly a third of people with schizophrenia, although rates as high as 55% are reported. The prevalence in bipolar disorder is around 15%. Content commonly involves animate objects, although perceptual abnormalities such as changes in lighting, shading, streaks, or lines may be seen.
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