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The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy, [32] where evidence of the distillation of alcohol appears from the School of Salerno in the 12th century. [ 25 ] [ 54 ] The works of Taddeo Alderotti (1223–1296) describe a method for concentrating alcohol involving repeated fractional distillation through a water-cooled still ...
An old whiskey still A display of various liquors in a supermarket Some single-drink liquor bottles available in Germany. Liquor (/ ˈ l ɪ k ər / LIK-ər, sometimes hard liquor), spirits, distilled spirits, or spiritous liquor are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.
The earliest records of the distillation of alcohol are in Italy in the 13th century, where alcohol was distilled from wine. [14] An early description of the technique was given by Ramon Llull (1232–1315). [14] Its use spread through medieval monasteries, [16] largely for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of colic and smallpox. [17]
Gin (/ dʒ ɪ n /) is a distilled alcoholic drink flavoured with juniper berries and other botanical ingredients. [1] [2]Gin originated as a medicinal liquor made by monks and alchemists across Europe.
A column still, or a spiral still, can achieve a vapor alcohol content of 95% ABV. Moonshine is usually distilled to 40% ABV, and seldom above 66% based on 48 samples. [10] For example, conventional pot stills commonly produce 40% ABV, and top out between 60% and 80% ABV after multiple distillations.
The simplest standard distillation apparatus is commonly known as a pot still, consisting of a single heated chamber and a vessel to collect purified alcohol. A pot still incorporates only one condensation , whereas other types of distillation equipment have multiple stages which result in higher purification of the more volatile component ...
This liquor, distilled only once, was called the spirit of wine or brandy. Purified by another distillation (or several more), this was called spirit of wine rectified. The second distillation was made in [a] balneo mariae and in a glass cucurbit, and the liquor was distilled to about one-half the quantity. This was further rectified as long as ...
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.