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The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy, [32] where evidence of the distillation of alcohol appears from the School of Salerno in the 12th century. [ 25 ] [ 54 ] The works of Taddeo Alderotti (1223–1296) describe a method for concentrating alcohol involving repeated fractional distillation through a water-cooled still ...
An old whiskey still A display of various liquors in a supermarket Some single-drink liquor bottles available in Germany. Liquor (/ ˈ l ɪ k ər / LIK-ər) or distilled beverages are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.
Gin (/ dʒ ɪ n /) is a distilled alcoholic drink flavoured with juniper berries and other botanical ingredients. [1] [2]Gin originated as a medicinal liquor made by monks and alchemists across Europe.
The earliest records of the distillation of alcohol are in Italy in the 13th century, where alcohol was distilled from wine. [14] An early description of the technique was given by Ramon Llull (1232–1315). [14] Its use spread through medieval monasteries, [16] largely for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of colic and smallpox. [17]
Distilled beverages (also called liquors or spirit drinks) are alcoholic drinks produced by distilling (i.e., concentrating by distillation) ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit, or vegetables. [36] Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic drinks that have an alcohol content of at least 20% ABV are called spirits. [37]
Vodka (Polish: wódka; Russian: водка; Swedish: vodka) is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage.Different varieties originated in Poland, Russia, and Sweden. [1] [2] Vodka is composed mainly of water and ethanol but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavourings. [3]
The simplest standard distillation apparatus is commonly known as a pot still, consisting of a single heated chamber and a vessel to collect purified alcohol. A pot still incorporates only one condensation , whereas other types of distillation equipment have multiple stages which result in higher purification of the more volatile component ...
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.