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The disorder cannot be associated with eosinophil-based tissue damage or a primary or secondary cause of eosinophilia. That is, it is a diagnosis of exclusion and has no known cause. Over time, this disorder can resolve into a primary hypereosinophilia, typically clonal hypereosinophilia, chronic eosinphilic leukemia, or an eosinophilia ...
Viruses: While some viral infections (e.g. HIV) have been considered causes of eosinophilic endocarditis, a study of 20 patients concluded that viral myocarditis lacks the characteristic of eosinophil-induced damage in hearts taken during cardiac transplantation.
If the cause is unknown, it is specified and called "simple pulmonary eosinophilia". Cardiac damage caused by the damaging effects of eosinophil granule proteins (e.g. major basic protein) is known as Loeffler endocarditis and can be caused by idiopathic eosinophilia or eosinophilia in response to parasitic infection. [12]
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a nematode (roundworm) parasite that causes angiostrongyliasis, an infection that is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin. [3] The nematode commonly resides in the pulmonary arteries of rats, giving it the common name rat lungworm. [4]
In humans, A. cantonensis is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. [2] Frequently the infection will resolve without treatment or serious consequences, but in cases with a heavy load of parasites the infection can be so severe it can cause permanent damage to the central nervous system (CNS) or death. [3]
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis consists of three stages, but not all patients develop all three stages or progress from one stage to the next in the same order; [7] whereas some patients may develop severe or life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal involvement and heart disease, some patients are only mildly affected, e.g. with skin lesions and nasal polyps. [8]
Eosinophilic esophagitis, an immune system reaction to certain foods, allergens or environmental factors, can cause damage to the esophageal lining, leading to swelling, scarring and narrowing of ...
Peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE are usual but not universal. The damage to the gastrointestinal tract wall is caused by eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation. [15] As a part of host defense mechanism, eosinophils are normally present in gastrointestinal mucosa, though the finding in deeper tissue is almost always ...