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Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CN and structure H 3 C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture.
IUPAC names can sometimes be simpler than older names, ... CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C≡N is called pentanenitrile or butyl cyanide. Cyclic compounds ... Methyl ethyl ...
Cyanide is quantified by potentiometric titration, a method widely used in gold mining. It can also be determined by titration with silver ion. Some analyses begin with an air-purge of an acidified boiling solution, sweeping the vapors into a basic absorber solution. The cyanide salt absorbed in the basic solution is then analyzed. [47]
Methyl isocyanide was first prepared by A. Gautier by reaction of silver cyanide with methyl iodide. [3] [4] The common method for preparing methyl isocyanides is the dehydration of N-methylformamide. [5] Many metal cyanides react with methylating agents to give complexes of methyl isocyanide. [6]
Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives. It reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis. [3] It is a precursor to diphenylmethanimine via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis.
tert-Butyl isocyanide is an organic compound with the formula Me 3 CNC (Me = methyl, CH 3).It is an isocyanide, commonly called isonitrile or carbylamine, as defined by the functional group C≡N-R. tert-Butyl isocyanide, like most alkyl isocyanides, is a reactive colorless liquid with an extremely unpleasant odor.
Acetone cyanohydrin is an intermediate en route to methyl methacrylate. [6] Treatment with sulfuric acid gives the sulfate ester of the methacrylamide, [clarification needed] methanolysis of which gives ammonium bisulfate and methyl methacrylate. [7] It is used as a surrogate in place of HCN, as illustrated by its use as a precursor to lithium ...
This salt can be converted to acrylamide with treatment with base or to methyl acrylate by treatment with methanol. [5] The reaction of acrylonitrile with protic nucleophiles is a common route to a variety of specialty chemicals. The process is called cyanoethylation: YH + H 2 C=CHCN → Y−CH 2 −CH 2 CN