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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T 4), and then triiodothyronine (T 3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. [1]
Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid. [1] TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy.
Sensitivity of TSH-producing pituitary cells to thyroid hormones; also a marker for the set point of thyroid homeostasis The Thyrotroph Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity Index (abbreviated TTSI , also referred to as Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index or TT4RI ) is a calculated structure parameter of thyroid homeostasis .
TSH levels are determined by a classic negative feedback system in which high levels of T3 and T4 suppress the production of TSH, and low levels of T3 and T4 increase the production of TSH. TSH levels are thus often used by doctors as a screening test, where the first approach is to determine whether TSH is elevated, suppressed, or normal. [25]
Due to the mutations in the albumin gene, an abnormal albumin protein binds thyroid hormones with a high affinity than normal. [4] This explains why those with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia have increased T4 levels and normal TSH levels. [4] The structural formula of thyroxine (T4).
The TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone until levels in the blood return to normal. Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anterior pituitary, thus controlling the release of both TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary gland.