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In the decades leading up to the 1970s child custody battles were rare, and in most cases the mother of minor children would receive custody. [5] Since the 1970s, as custody laws have been made gender-neutral, contested custody cases have increased as have cases in which the children are placed in the primary custody of the father.
The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1997. [1] The UCCJEA has since been adopted by 49 U.S. States , the District of Columbia , Guam , Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands .
Joint custody is a court order whereby custody of a child is awarded to both parties. [1] [2] In the United States, there are two forms of joint custody, joint physical custody (called also "shared parenting" or "shared custody") and joint legal custody. [2]
Child custody consists of legal custody, which is the right to make decisions about the child, and physical custody, which is the right and duty to house, provide and care for the child. [1] Married parents normally have joint legal and physical custody of their children.
Joint custody is a form of child custody pursuant to which custody rights are awarded to both parents. Joint custody may refer to joint physical custody , joint legal custody , or both combined. In joint legal custody, both parents of a child share major decision making regarding for example education, medical care and religious upbringing.
Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000), held that "the interest of parents in the care, custody and control of their children is perhaps the oldest of the fundamental liberty interests recognized by this Court." This includes parents' fundamental right to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and control of their children, see, e. g., Stanley v.
A parenting plan is a child custody plan that is negotiated by parents, and which may be included in a marital separation agreement or final decree of divorce. [1] [2] Especially when a separation is acrimonious to begin with, specific agreements about who will discharge these responsibilities and when and how they are to be discharged can reduce the need for litigation.
The termination of legally recognized family relationships and ancillary matters, including divorce, annulment, property settlements, alimony, child custody and visitation, child support and alimony awards [2] Prenuptial and Postnuptial agreements; Adoption: proceedings to adopt a child and, in some cases, an adult. [3]
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