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Guillain–Barré syndrome (also called "GBS") is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. [3] Typically, both sides of the body are involved, and the initial symptoms are changes in sensation or pain often in the back along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands, often spreading to the arms and upper body. [3]
Barley GBS marker validation using a single DH line (OWB003) showed 99% agreement between the reference markers and the mapped GBS reads. Although barley lacks a complete genome sequence, GBS does not require a reference genome for sequence tag mapping, the reference is developed during the process of sampling genotyping.
ALS can strike at any age, but its likelihood increases with age. [63] Most people who develop ALS are between the ages of 40 and 70, with an average age of 55 at the time of diagnosis. [64] ALS is 20% more common in men than women, [64] but this difference in sex distribution is no longer present in patients with onset after age 70. [63]
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Some people have both ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD–ALS). The four main genes associated with FTD–ALS are C9orf72, CHCHD10, SQSTM1, and TBK1. [8] C9orf72 repeat expansions explain about 40% of familial ALS and 25% of familial FTD; thus, C9orf72 provides a genetic explanation for most of the overlap between the two diseases. [6]
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Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a progressively worsening condition where muscles in the extremities gradually weaken.The disorder, a pure motor neuropathy syndrome, is sometimes mistaken for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of the similarity in the clinical picture, especially if muscle fasciculations are present.
The syndrome typically presents as a progressive flaccid symmetric paralysis with areflexia, often causing respiratory failure.Electromyographic studies and nerve conduction studies show normal motor conduction velocity and latency with decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potentials.