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Judaism is based on a strict monotheism, and a belief in one single, indivisible, non-compound God. This is illustrated in what is considered by some to be the Jewish moto, The Shema Yisrael, encapsulating the monotheistic nature of Judaism: [1] "Hear, O Israel: The L ORD is our God; the L ORD is one." [2]
Judaism (Hebrew: יַהֲדוּת , romanized: Yahăḏūṯ) is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jewish people.
At the core of Judaism is the belief in a single, omniscient, omnipotent, and benevolent God, who created the universe and continues to govern it. In 2007, the world Jewish population was estimated to be 13.2 million people—41 percent in Israel and the other 59 percent in the diaspora .
There are fundamental beliefs in both Islam and Judaism that are likewise denied by most of Christianity (e.g., the restrictions on pork consumption found in Jewish and Islamic dietary law), and key beliefs of Islam, Christianity, and the Baháʼí Faith not shared by Judaism (e.g., the prophetic and Messianic position of Jesus). [26]
A major trend in the timeline of modern Jewish philosophy was the attempt to develop a theory of Judaism based on existentialism. Among the early Jewish existentialist philosophers was Lev Shestov (born Jehuda Leib Schwarzmann), a Russian-Jewish philosopher.
Jewish religious movements, sometimes called "denominations", include diverse groups within Judaism which have developed among Jews from ancient times. Samaritans are also considered ethnic Jews by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, although they are frequently classified by experts as a sister Hebrew people, who practice a separate branch of Israelite religion.
Image on a pithos sherd found at Kuntillet Ajrud with the inscription "Yahweh and his Asherah". Judaism has three essential and related elements: study of the written Torah; the recognition of Israel as the chosen people and the recipients of the law at Mount Sinai; and the requirement that Israel and their descendants live according to the laws outlined in the Torah. [17]
Ugaritic mythology – The Levant region was inhabited by people who themselves referred to the land as "ca-na-na-um" as early as the mid-third millennium BCE; Ancient semitic religions – The term ancient Semitic religion encompasses the polytheistic religions of the Semitic speaking peoples of the ancient Near East and Northeast Africa.