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For the other approach the adult can prompt the learner throughout the steps on the chain and give the learner an opportunity to complete the last one independently. However, if unable to do so the adult helps by also prompting the learner through the last step and reinforcement is given to the learner once the last step is completed. [2]
Discrete trial training (DTT) is a technique used by practitioners of applied behavior analysis (ABA) that was developed by Ivar Lovaas at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). DTT uses mass instruction and reinforcers that create clear contingencies to shape new skills.
ABA is an applied science devoted to developing procedures which will produce observable changes in behavior. [3] [9] It is to be distinguished from the experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental research, [10] but it uses principles developed by such research, in particular operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
Examples of these applications include: managing behavior of children in school settings; enhancing the abilities, and choices of children and adults with different kinds of disabilities; training animals; and augmenting the performance and satisfaction of employees in organizations and businesses. [3]
Pivotal response treatment is a naturalistic intervention model derived from the principles of applied behavior analysis.Rather than target individual behaviors one at a time, PRT targets pivotal areas of a child's development such as motivation, [3] responsiveness to multiple cues, [4] self-management, and social initiations. [5]
Chaining is a type of intervention that aims to create associations between behaviors in a behavior chain. [1] A behavior chain is a sequence of behaviors that happen in a particular order where the outcome of the previous step in the chain serves as a signal to begin the next step in the chain.
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For adult attention hypothesis, they created an environment where an adult is in the room with the child but pays no attention to him/her until after the behavior occurs. For the escape from demands hypothesis, they had an adult make a normal demand towards the child, but terminate it if the self injurious behavior occurs.