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The Multi-dimensional Theory of Anxiety [7] is based on the distinction between somatic and cognitive anxiety. The theory predicts that a negative, linear relationship between somatic and cognitive anxiety, an Inverted-U relationship between somatic anxiety and performance, and that somatic anxiety declines once performance begins although cognitive anxiety may remain high, if confidence is low.
Sport is defined as any physical activity where the individuals engage for competition and health. [2] Sport psychology is recognized as an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect ...
The athletes competed the Portuguese version of the Sport Anxiety Scale-SAS-2, which had questions that were designed to reflect what young athletes might have felt before or during sports competition. The scale is a measure of sports related anxiety that considers both cognitive and somatic trait anxiety.
Anxiety is an emotion characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. [1] [2] [3] Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat, whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one. [4]
Mental toughness is a measure of individual psychological resilience and confidence that may predict success in sport, education, and in the workplace. [1] The concept emerged in the context of sports training and sports psychology, as one of a set of attributes that allow a person to become a better athlete and able to cope with difficult training and difficult competitive situations and ...
Anxiety disorders affect nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives, with an estimated 4% of the global population currently experiencing an anxiety disorder. However, anxiety disorders are treatable, and a number of effective treatments are available. [11] Most people are able to lead normal, productive lives with some form of treatment ...
Reciprocal inhibition is based on the idea that two opposing mental states cannot coexist and is used as both a psychological and biological mechanism. [13] The theory that "two opposing states cannot occur simultaneously" i.e. relaxation methods that are involved with desensitization inhibit feelings of anxiety that come with being exposed to phobic stimuli. [13]
The ultimate goal is to motivate and encourage clients to actively engage in rewarding experiences and positive behaviors. [24] A 2006 study of behavioral activation being applied to anxiety appeared to give promising results. [25] One study found it to be effective with fibromyalgia-related pain anxiety. [26]