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Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English. Pidgins that are spoken as first languages become creoles . English-based pidgins that became stable contact languages, and which have some documentation, include the following:
The word pidgin, formerly also spelled pigion, [9] was first applied to Chinese Pidgin English, but was later generalized to refer to any pidgin. [11] Pidgin may also be used as the specific name for local pidgins or creoles, in places where they are spoken. For example, the name of the creole language Tok Pisin derives from the English words ...
Français Tirailleur, a pidgin language [1] spoken in West Africa by soldiers in the French Colonial Army, approximately 1850–1960. Tây Bồi Pidgin French , pidgin language spoken in former French Colonies in Indochina, primarily Vietnam
Chinese Pidgin English (also called Chinese Coastal English [1] or Pigeon English [2]) is a pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese -speaking portions of China .
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Even today, Hawaiian Pidgin retains some influences from these languages. For example, the word stay in Hawaiian Pidgin has a form and use similar to the Hawaiian verb noho, Portuguese verb ficar or Spanish estar", which mean "to be" but are used only when referring to a temporary state or location. [citation needed]
West African Pidgin English arose during the period of the transatlantic slave trade as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders. Portuguese merchants were the first Europeans to trade in West Africa beginning in the 15th century, and West African Pidgin English contains numerous words of Portuguese origin such as sabi ('to know'), a derivation of the Portuguese saber. [3]
In the modern era, pidgin Arabic is most notably used by the large number of migrants to Arab countries. Examples include: Gulf Pidgin Arabic, used by mostly immigrant laborers in the Arabian Peninsula (and not necessarily a single language variety). [2] [3] Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic, used by Bengali immigrants in Jordan. [4]