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Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders. [2] Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word Presbyterian is applied to churches that trace their roots to the Church of Scotland or to English Dissenter groups that formed during the English Civil War.
Some Presbyterians supported the revivals of the Second and Third Great Awakenings in the nineteenth century, including Lyman Beecher and Charles G. Finney. In 1810, a group of pro-revivalist Presbyterians in Kentucky broke away from the mainline Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. to form the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. [35]
The Presbyterian Church (USA), abbreviated PCUSA, is a mainline Protestant denomination in the United States.It is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the country, known for its liberal stance on doctrine and its ordaining of women and members of the LGBT community as elders and ministers.
Presbyterians trace their history to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. The Presbyterian heritage, and much of its theology, began with the French theologian and lawyer John Calvin (1509–64), whose writings solidified much of the Reformed thinking that came before him in the form of the sermons and writings of Huldrych Zwingli.
Mainline Protestant denominations, such as the Episcopal Church (76%), [30] the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (64%), [30] and the United Church of Christ (46%), [31] [32] have the highest number of graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita of any other Christian denomination in the United States, [33] as well as the most high-income earners.
Covenant Presbyterian Church - Orthodox, Presbyterian, Calvinist; Covenant Reformed Presbyterian Church - Orthodox, 1646 Westminster Confession, Presbyterian, Calvinist [15] Evangel Presbytery - Orthodox, Presbyterian, Calvinist; Faith Presbytery, Bible Presbyterian Church; Free Presbyterian Church - Orthodox, Presbyterian, Calvinist
Before the Korean War Presbyterians were very strong in North Korea, many fled to South, and established their own Presbyterian denominations. [27] The Presbyterian Churches are by far the largest Protestant churches with well over 20 000 congregations.
The family tree of Presbyterian denominations in the United States, courtesy of the Presbyterian Historical Society As its name suggests, the EPC is an evangelical denomination. It associates mainly with Reformed bodies holding similar or identical beliefs regarding Christology, ecclesiology, and ethical/moral stances.