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In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred. [1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset. [2]
There are two main types of amnesia: Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an accident or operation. [3] In some cases, the memory loss can extend back decades, while in other cases, people may lose only a few months of memory.
Ribot's law of retrograde amnesia was hypothesized in 1881 by Théodule Ribot. It states that there is a time gradient in retrograde amnesia, so that recent memories are more likely to be lost than the more remote memories. Not all patients with retrograde amnesia report the symptoms of Ribot's law.
Retrograde amnesia is typically patchy, and may affect the hours, days, months or even occasionally years prior to the TGA episode and is often subtle. Memory of things that happened in the more ...
There are two types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia (loss of memories that were formed shortly before the injury) and anterograde amnesia (problems with creating new memories after the injury has taken place). [5] PTA may refer to only anterograde forms, or to both retrograde and anterograde forms. [6] [7]
Anterograde amnesia is one type of memory loss where people have difficulty forming new memories after the amnesia-causing event. Having a hard time remembering recent events? You may have a type ...
Retrograde amnesia is defined as the loss of memory of events and experiences occurring prior to an illness, accident, injury, or traumatic experience such as rape or assault. The amnesia may cover events over a longer or only a brief period. Typically, it declines with time, with earlier memories returning first. [9]
This characteristic of TGA, where the length of time affected by retrograde amnesia shortens (i.e. older memories return first, followed by more recent memories) is commonly seen. [4] In the majority of cases there are no long-term effects other than a complete lack of recall for this period of the attack and an hour or two before its onset.