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The tests and requirements to be met by capacitors for use in electronic equipment for approval as standardized types are set out in the generic specification IEC/EN 60384–1 in the following sections. [74] Generic specification. IEC/EN 60384-1 - Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment; Ceramic capacitors
The size of commercially available capacitors ranges from around 0.1 pF to 5 000 F (5 kF) supercapacitors. Parasitic capacitance in high-performance integrated circuits can be measured in femtofarads (1 fF = 0.001 pF = 10 −15 F), while high-performance test equipment can detect changes in capacitance on the order of tens of attofarads (1 aF ...
The equation is a good approximation if d is small compared to the other dimensions of the plates so that the electric field in the capacitor area is uniform, and the so-called fringing field around the periphery provides only a small contribution to the capacitance.
In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser , [ 1 ] a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone .
An assembly of two or more capacitor units, electrically connected to each other. capacitor A general term used when it is not necessary to state whether reference is made to an element, a unit or a capacitor bank. capacitor equipment An assembly of capacitor units and their accessories intended for connection to a network. circuit angle
A typical ceramic through-hole capacitor. A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor where the ceramic material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes. The composition of the ceramic material defines the electrical behavior and therefore applications.
The electrical values of electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolytes change over time due to evaporation of the electrolyte. Reaching specified limits of the electrical parameters, the capacitors counts as "wear out failure". The graph shows this behavior in a 2000 h endurance test at 105 °C.
While the standard only specifies a tolerance greater than 20%, other sources indicate 40% or 50%. Currently, most electrolytic capacitors are manufactured with values in the E6 or E12 series, thus E3 series is mostly obsolete.