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Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu SO 4.It forms hydrates CuSO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, [10] while its anhydrous form is white. [11]
The reaction of an acid in water solvent is often described as a dissociation + + where HA is a proton acid such as acetic acid, CH 3 COOH. The double arrow means that this is an equilibrium process, with dissociation and recombination occurring at the same time.
The exact relationship depends on the nature of the reactions at the two electrodes. For the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate ( CuSO 4 ) as an example, with Cu 2+ (aq) and SO 2− 4 (aq) ions, the cathode reaction is the reduction Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e − → Cu(s) and the anode reaction is the corresponding oxidation of Cu to Cu 2+ .
The dissociation constant is the inverse of the association constant. In the special case of salts, the dissociation constant can also be called an ionization constant. [1] [2] For a general reaction: +
Dissociative recombination is a chemical process in which a positive polyatomic ion recombines with an electron, and as a result, the neutral molecule dissociates. [1] This reaction is important for interstellar and atmospheric chemistry.
In thermochemistry, the enthalpy of solution (heat of solution or enthalpy of solvation) is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution.
It is usually assumed that the rate-determining step is a dissociation reaction. [M(H 2 O) n] z+ → [M(H 2 O) n-1] z+ * + H 2 O. The * symbol signifies that this is the transition state in a chemical reaction. The rate of this reaction is proportional to the concentration of the aqua ion, [A].
The formation and dissociation of water on transition metals like palladium has important applications in reactions for obtaining hydrogen and for the operation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, and much research has been conducted to understand the phenomenon. The rate-determining reaction for water formation is the creation of adsorbed OH.