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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [11] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [11]
Topical gels are commonly used as sustained release dosage forms. [5] [9] Usage of the sustained release dosage form reduces the administration of recurrent doses while maintaining serum dose levels at the therapeutic range (difference between toxic and therapeutic doses), hence improving patient compliance. [5]
Although rosacea was first described by Guy de Chauliac in the 14th century and included Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, [2] when the National Rosacea Society was founded in 1992 rosacea was still considered a rare disease, and its first approved treatment, topical metronidazole, received orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the belief that fewer than 200,000 ...
Rosacea conglobata is a severe rosacea that can mimic acne conglobata, with hemorrhagic nodular abscesses and indurated plaques. [26] Phymatous rosacea is a cutaneous condition characterized by overgrowth of sebaceous glands. [11] Phyma is Greek for swelling, mass, or bulb, and these can occur on the face and ears. [26]: 693
Persistent edema of rosacea (also known as chronic upper facial erythematous edema, Morbihan's disease or rosaceous lymphedema) is a hard, nonpitting edema found on the areas involved, those mainly being the forehead, glabella, upper eyelids, nose, and/or cheeks.
In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing. [3] A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" ( C max ), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time.
Steroid-induced rosacea is an iatrogenic condition (induced by the physician or patient) from the use of either systemic steroid or topical steroids. It is nearly identical to steroid induced acne from the standpoint of etiology. [1] Topical Steroid induced rosacea (left); after steroid withdrawal and photobiomodulation therapy (right).
Ocular rosacea is a type of rosacea that affects the eyes. [1] Signs and symptoms generally consist of redness, irritation or burning of the eyes. Affected individuals may also feel that there is something, such as an eyelash, in the eye and frequently have redness of the nose and cheeks as well. [1] Complications include corneal ulcer. [2]