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A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex number 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph ...
A directed graph with three vertices and four directed edges (the double arrow represents an edge in each direction). A directed graph or digraph is a graph in which edges have orientations. In one restricted but very common sense of the term, [5] a directed graph is an ordered pair = (,) comprising:
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
A proper AVD-total-coloring of the complete graph K 4 with 5 colors, the minimum number possible. In graph theory, a total coloring is a coloring on the vertices and edges of a graph such that: (1). no adjacent vertices have the same color; (2). no adjacent edges have the same color; and (3). no edge and its endvertices are assigned the same color.
A unit distance graph with 16 vertices and 40 edges. In mathematics, particularly geometric graph theory, a unit distance graph is a graph formed from a collection of points in the Euclidean plane by connecting two points whenever the distance between them is exactly one.
The complement graph of a complete graph is an empty graph. If the edges of a complete graph are each given an orientation, the resulting directed graph is called a tournament. K n can be decomposed into n trees T i such that T i has i vertices. [6] Ringel's conjecture asks if the complete graph K 2n+1 can be decomposed into copies of any tree ...
In graph theory, an adjacent vertex of a vertex v in a graph is a vertex that is connected to v by an edge.The neighbourhood of a vertex v in a graph G is the subgraph of G induced by all vertices adjacent to v, i.e., the graph composed of the vertices adjacent to v and all edges connecting vertices adjacent to v.
Mycielskian construction applied to a 5-cycle graph, producing the Grötzsch graph with 11 vertices and 20 edges, the smallest triangle-free 4-chromatic graph (Chvátal 1974). Let the n vertices of the given graph G be v 1, v 2, . . . , v n. The Mycielski graph μ(G) contains G itself as a subgraph, together with n+1 additional vertices: a ...