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A free logic is a logic with fewer existential presuppositions than classical logic. Free logics may allow for terms that do not denote any object. Free logics may also allow models that have an empty domain. A free logic with the latter property is an inclusive logic.
This is a list of mathematical logic topics. For traditional syllogistic logic, see the list of topics in logic . See also the list of computability and complexity topics for more theory of algorithms .
The Stanhope Demonstrator was the first machine to solve problems in logic. [1] It was designed by Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope to demonstrate consequences in logic symbolically. The first model was constructed in 1775. It consisted of two slides coloured red and gray mounted in a square brass frame.
Induction puzzles are logic puzzles, which are examples of multi-agent reasoning, where the solution evolves along with the principle of induction. [1] [2]A puzzle's scenario always involves multiple players with the same reasoning capability, who go through the same reasoning steps.
Squaring the circle, the impossible problem of constructing a square with the same area as a given circle, using only a compass and straightedge. [7] Three cups problem – Turn three cups right-side up after starting with one wrong and turning two at a time. [8]
Alternatively, one might solve the problem by using another reference to zeroth-order logic. In classical propositional logic, the material conditional is false if and only if its antecedent is true and its consequent is false. As an implication of this, two cases need to be inspected in the selection task to check whether we are dealing with a ...
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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... (Note: A:98, B:0, C:0, D:1, E:1 or other variants are not good enough, as D would rather throw A overboard to get the same ...