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A free logic is a logic with fewer existential presuppositions than classical logic. Free logics may allow for terms that do not denote any object. Free logics may also allow models that have an empty domain. A free logic with the latter property is an inclusive logic.
Problem 12: A certain father died and left as an inheritance to his three sons 30 glass flasks, of which 10 were full of oil, another 10 were half full, while another 10 were empty. Divide the oil and flasks so that an equal share of the commodities should equally come down to the three sons, both of oil and glass; [ 2 ] , p. 109.
This is a list of mathematical logic topics. For traditional syllogistic logic, see the list of topics in logic . See also the list of computability and complexity topics for more theory of algorithms .
Induction puzzles are logic puzzles, which are examples of multi-agent reasoning, where the solution evolves along with the principle of induction. [1] [2]A puzzle's scenario always involves multiple players with the same reasoning capability, who go through the same reasoning steps.
Squaring the circle, the impossible problem of constructing a square with the same area as a given circle, using only a compass and straightedge. [ 7 ] Three cups problem – Turn three cups right-side up after starting with one wrong and turning two at a time.
The Zebra Puzzle is a well-known logic puzzle.Many versions of the puzzle exist, including a version published in Life International magazine on December 17, 1962. The March 25, 1963, issue of Life contained the solution and the names of several hundred successful solvers from around the world.
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Tarski's World is a computer-based introduction to first-order logic written by Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy.It is named after the mathematical logician Alfred Tarski.The package includes a book, which serves as a textbook and manual, and a computer program which together serve as an introduction to the semantics of logic through games in which simple, three-dimensional worlds are populated ...