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Women took advantage of this by running for office as a way to make headway in gaining the right to vote. [3] Much of women's fight to gain officeholding rights and voting rights took place separately and were understood to be completely different rights by much of the population. [3]
1870: The Utah Territory grants suffrage to women. [7]1870: The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is adopted. The amendment holds that neither the United States nor any State can deny the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude," leaving open the right of States to deny the right to vote on account of sex.
After the Constitution from 1938, the voting rights were extended to women for general elections by the Electoral Law 1939. Women could vote on equal terms with men, but both men and women had restrictions, and in practice the restrictions affected women more than men. In 1946, full equal voting rights were granted to men and women. [99]
Women have made great strides – and suffered some setbacks – throughout history, but many of their gains were made during the two eras of activism in favor of women's rights. Some notable events:
The eventual appearance of an American women's voting bloc has been tracked to various dates, depending on the source, from the 1950s [106] to 1970. [107] Around 1980, a nationwide gender gap in voting had emerged, with women usually favoring the Democratic candidate in presidential elections. [108]
Afghanistan (restricting previous full right, allowing "temporarily" limited voting rights) [114] Note: In some countries, both men and women have limited suffrage. For example, in Brunei, which is a sultanate, there are no national elections, and voting exists only on local issues. [115]
Wyoming was the first state to give women voting rights in 1869. 1870: The Fifteenth Amendment prevents state governments and the federal government from denying the right to vote on grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era began soon after.
By the 1890s, the women's suffrage movement had become increasingly racist and exclusionary, and African-American women organized separately through local women's clubs and the National Association of Colored Women. [5] Women won the vote in dozens of states in the 1910s, and African-American women became a powerful voting block. [6]