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There are many causes, which can be broadly grouped into three mechanisms: primary (internal bleeding and swelling); secondary (vigorous fluid replacement as an unintended complication of resuscitative medical treatment, leading to the acute formation of ascites and a rise in intra-abdominal pressure); and recurrent (compartment syndrome that ...
A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
The thickness of the fascia can give problems when any inflammation present in the leg has little room to expand into. Blood vessels and nerves can also be affected by the pressure caused by any swelling in the leg. If the pressure becomes great enough, blood flow to the muscle can be blocked, leading to a condition known as compartment ...
Compartment syndrome, according to the Cleveland Clinic, is when pressure and swelling rises in and around muscles. The injury is most commonly found in the lower leg, and it can lead to permanent ...
Compartment syndrome is treated with surgery to relieve the pressure inside the muscle compartment and reduce the risk of compression on blood vessels and nerves in that area. Fasciotomy is the incision of the affected compartment. Often, multiple incisions are made and left open until the swelling has reduced.
Swelling of the calf due to synovial fluid leaking into it from a burst Baker's cyst. Phlebetic lymphedema Venous thrombosis/ Post-thrombotic syndrome. Lower extremities [5] Adult-onset Swelling of the legs with discolouration of the skin (darkening or reddening) due to a blood clot in a deep vein and subsequent swelling of lymphatic system.
A careful examination of the neurovascular systems is imperative. A serious complication of tibial plateau fractures is compartment syndrome in which swelling causes compression of the nerves and blood vessels inside the leg and may ultimately lead to necrosis or cell death of the leg tissues. [4]
Medical conditions that result in calf swelling among other symptoms include deep vein thrombosis [5] compartment syndrome, [6] [7] Achilles tendon rupture, and varicose veins. Idiopathic leg cramps are common and typically affect the calf muscles at night. [8] Edema also is common and in many cases idiopathic.