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Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).
Understood in a wide sense, a translation is a process that associates expressions belonging to a source language with expressions belonging to a target language. [2] For example, in a sentence-by-sentence translation of an English text into French, English sentences are linked to their French counterparts.
The following example can illustrate the general frame of RBMT: A girl eats an apple. Source Language = English; Demanded Target Language = German. Minimally, to get a German translation of this English sentence one needs: A dictionary that will map each English word to an appropriate German word.
A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be unidirectional , meaning that they list the meanings of words of one language in another, or can be bidirectional , allowing translation to and from both languages.
Sentence pairs contain sentences in one language with their translations into another. The particular example shows an example of a minimal pair, meaning that the sentences vary by just one element. These sentences make it simple to learn translations of portions of a sentence. For example, an example-based machine translation system would ...
For example, the translator can compensate for an "untranslatable" pun in one part of a text by adding a new pun in another part of the translated text. Oscar Wilde 's play The Importance of Being Earnest incorporates in its title a pun (resonating in the last line of the play) that conflates the name Ernest with the adjective of quality earnest .
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