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The Fatwa-e-Alamgiri also formalized the legal principle of Muhtasib, or office of censor [29] that was already in use by previous rulers of the Mughal Empire. [2] Any publication or information could be declared as heresy, and its transmission made a crime. [2] Officials (kotwal) were created to implement the Sharia doctrine of hisbah. [2]
Discrimination against homosexuality was largely imported from the western world through Islam and the Christian-derived morality during European colonialism, starting in the second millennium and ultimately culminating in the 17th century Fatawa-e-Alamgiri of the Mughal Empire and the 17th century Indian Penal Code of the British Empire. [2 ...
The Court of Akbar, an illustration from a manuscript of the Akbarnama. The Ain-i-Akbari (Persian: آئینِ اکبری), or the "Administration of Akbar", is a 16th-century detailed document regarding the administration of the Mughal Empire under Emperor Akbar, written by his court historian, Abu'l Fazl, in the Persian language. [1]
During the Mughal Empire, a number of the pre-existing Delhi Sultanate laws were combined into the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, mandating several types of punishments for homosexuality. [40] These could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim.
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [28] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [29] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [30] or endonymous identification from ...
Lahore, along with Delhi, was the most important center of production of military equipment of Mughal empire. [20] In 1757, when the Subah of Lahore came temporarily under control of Ahmed Shah Abdali, the Zamzama cannon was ordered to be cast by Shah Nazir, a metalsmith of the former Mughal viceroy of the Lahore Subah, Moin-ul-Mulk . [ 21 ]
Before Aurangzeb and his forces initiated the Siege of Golconda, Muqarrab Khan, the most experienced commander in Golconda, defected to the Mughals.Muqarrab Khan and his forces proved their fighting experience and worth against the Marathas when he led a contingent that eventually captured Sambhaji maharaj, the king of the Marathas at Sangameshwar and brought him to Aurangzeb.
The Mughal Empire, which was established following the defeat of Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat and consolidated over the time with expansionist policy of its rulers, derived its strength from its nobility which was hypergamous and included the Indian muslims, Turks, Afghans, and even Hindu Rajputs and Khatris. The Mughal ...