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Domestic use patio blackspot remover products are ~10% solutions of sodium hypochlorite. A 10–25% solution of sodium hypochlorite is, according to Univar's safety sheet, supplied with synonyms or trade names bleach, Hypo, Everchlor, Chloros, Hispec, Bridos, Bleacol, or Vo-redox 9110. [38]
Dakin's original solution contained sodium hypochlorite (0.4% to 0.5%), prepared by treating calcium hypochlorite with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"). The solution left after removal of the insoluble calcium carbonate still contained some soda. [7] Boric acid (4%) was then added as a buffering agent to maintain a pH of between 9 and 10.
The active agent in liquid bleach is sodium hypochlorite, which gives the product a light greenish yellow tinge and its characteristic chlorine smell. [6]Formulations for household use usually contain 8% or less of sodium hypochlorite by weight, although more concentrated solutions of up to 50% are available for industrial use. [7]
A 1:20 solution is isotonic with body fluids. 1:4 dilution is used for wound management applications; this contains 0.25% (w/v) available chlorine and has a pH of 10.5–11.2 . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The fluid has been used in endodontics , for example to irrigate an infected root canal , although it is not medically licensed for use in the mouth.
Domestos is a British brand of household cleaning range which contains bleach (primarily sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl).It is manufactured by Unilever.Domestos (and Chlorox, essentially a 10–25% solution of sodium hypochlorite [1]) contains 100,000 ppm (10%) of the active component, available chlorine; many other bleaches contain 50,000 or less.
Chlorine releasing solutions, such as liquid bleach and solutions of bleaching powder, can burn the skin and cause eye damage, [2] especially when used in concentrated forms. As recognized by the NFPA, however, only solutions containing more than 40% sodium hypochlorite by weight are considered hazardous oxidizers.
Sodium hypochlorite solution, 3–6%, (common household bleach) is typically diluted for safe use when disinfecting surfaces and when used to treat drinking water. [31] [32] A weak solution of 2% household bleach in warm water is typical for sanitizing smooth surfaces before the brewing of beer or wine. [citation needed]
Anhydrous lithium hypochlorite is stable at room temperature; however, sodium hypochlorite is explosive as an anhydrous solid. [6] The pentahydrate (NaOCl·(H 2 O) 5) is unstable above 0 °C; [7] although the more dilute solutions encountered as household bleach are more stable. Potassium hypochlorite (KOCl) is known only in solution. [4]