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Structured interviews can also be used as a qualitative research methodology. [2] [3] For structured qualitative interviews, it is usually necessary for researchers to develop an interview schedule which lists the wording and sequencing of questions. [4]
Interviews are considered to be "the most common method of gathering data for qualitative research"; further, they "are an integral part of most research traditions." [ 16 ] Interviews may be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured. [ 16 ]
Research interviews are an important method of data collection in qualitative research. An interviewer is usually a professional or paid researcher, sometimes trained, who poses questions to the interviewee, in an alternating series of usually brief questions and answers, to elicit information.
Since a semi-structured interview is a combination of an unstructured interview and a structured interview, it has the advantages of both. The interviewees can express their opinions and ask questions to the interviewers during the interview, which encourages them to give more useful information, such as their opinions toward sensitive issues, to the qualitative research.
Interviews are the most used form of data collection in qualitative research. [3] Interviews are used in marketing research as a tool that a firm may utilize to gain an understanding of how consumers think, or as a tool in the form of cognitive interviewing (or cognitive pretesting) for improving questionnaire design.
Used in qualitative research, the interviews involve a group of people who are asked about their perceptions, attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and views regarding many different topics (e.g., abortion, political candidates or issues, a shared event, needs assessment). Group members are often free to talk and interact with each other.
[4] [30] Depending on the type and depth of the interview, this method belongs either to quantitative or to qualitative research. [ 30 ] [ 4 ] The terms research conversation [ 79 ] and muddy interview [ 80 ] have been used to describe interviews conducted in informal settings which may not occur purely for the purposes of data collection.
Qualitative research usually uses unstructured or semi-structured techniques to collect data, e.g. in-depth interviews or group discussions, while quantitative research only uses structured techniques such as online questionnaires, on-street or telephone interviews.