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Köhler illumination is a method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light (trans- and epi-illuminated) optical microscopy.Köhler illumination acts to generate an even illumination of the sample and ensures that an image of the illumination source (for example a halogen lamp filament) is not visible in the resulting image.
Critical illumination generally has problems with evenness of illumination as an image of the illumination source (for example a halogen lamp filament) is visible in the resulting image. Köhler illumination has largely replaced critical illumination in modern scientific light microscopy although it requires additional optics which may not be ...
August Karl Johann Valentin Köhler (4 March 1866 – 12 March 1948) was a German professor and early staff member of Carl Zeiss AG in Jena, Germany.He is best known for his development of the microscopy technique of Köhler illumination, an important principle in optimizing microscopic resolution power by evenly illuminating the field of view.
The technique most commonly used in microscopy to optimize the light pathway between the condenser (and other illumination components of the microscope) and the objective lens is known as Köhler illumination. The maximum NA is limited by the refractive index of the medium between the lens and the sample.
A Lieberkühn reflector [2] (also known as Lieberkühn mirror [3] or simply Lieberkühn [2] [4]) is an illumination device for incident light illumination (epi-illumination) in light microscopes. It encircles the objective, with the mirrored surface facing towards the specimen. This allows illuminating an opaque object from the side of the ...
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For correct Köhler illumination the image of the bulb filament must fully fill the aperture diaphragm and the field diaphragm must share the same conjugate image planes as the sample. This results in extremely even illumination of the sample due to perfect defocus of the bulb filament in the specimen image planes so generates a clear image of ...
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