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A popular example is Paul Ekman and his colleagues' cross-cultural study of 1992, in which they concluded that the six basic emotions are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. [2] Ekman explains that there are particular characteristics attached to each of these emotions, allowing them to be expressed in varying degrees in a ...
Paul Ekman (born February 15, 1934) [1] is an American psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. [2] He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century in 2002 by the Review of General ...
The emotion annotation can be done in discrete emotion labels or on a continuous scale. Most of the databases are usually based on the basic emotions theory (by Paul Ekman) which assumes the existence of six discrete basic emotions (anger, fear, disgust, surprise, joy, sadness). However, some databases include the emotion tagging in continuous ...
There are six universal emotions which expand across all cultures. These emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. Debate exists about whether contempt should be combined with disgust. [12] According to Ekman (1992), each of these emotions have universally corresponding facial expressions as well. [13]
Examples of basic emotions The emotion wheel. For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not ...
Sadness is one of the six basic emotions described by Paul Ekman, along with happiness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. [2]: 271–4 ...
Dr. Paul Ekman is a psychologist with over five decades of experience researching nonverbal communication, especially with facial expressions. He has written, co-authored, and edited over a dozen books and published over 100 articles on oculesics. [ 13 ]
In 1960s, Paul Ekman an American psychologist, set out to visit people from different nations (including an isolated indigenous tribe in Papua New Guinea) to study non-verbal behavior across cultures. His research supported Darwin's findings–that facial expressions and emotions are universal–as people from diverse cultural backgrounds had ...