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Cryonics (from Greek: κρύος kryos, meaning "cold") is the low-temperature freezing (usually at −196 °C or −320.8 °F or 77.1 K) and storage of human remains in the hope that resurrection may be possible in the future. [1] [2] Cryonics is regarded with skepticism by the mainstream scientific community.
The Cryonics Institute was founded by the “Father of Cryonics” Robert Ettinger on April 4, 1976, in Detroit, Michigan, where he served as president until 2003.Ettinger introduced the concept of cryonics with the publication of his book “The Prospect of Immortality” published in 1962.
The American Cryonics Society (ACS), also known as the Cryonics Society of America, is a member-run, California-based, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt nonprofit organization that supports and promotes research and education into cryonics and cryobiology. The American Cryonics Society is the oldest cryonics organization still in existence.
The Life Extension Society (LES) with its network of coordinators was the first cryonics organization in the world. It was founded by Evan Cooper in 1964 to promote cryonic suspension of people, and became the seed tree for cryonics societies throughout the US where local cryonics advocates would meet as a result of contact through the LES mailing list.
Cryonics draws into question the boundaries of the sovereign self [62] and the individual body, challenging legal definitions of personhood. [63] These boundaries, however, are not universal and ideas which limit the self within the dichotomy of Cartesian dualism are defined through Western philosophy and law.
The Immortalist Society is particularly supportive of the work of the Cryonics Institute.Donations to the Immortalist Society Research Fund were given to finance the research of Dr. Yuri Pichugin, the full-time Russian cryobiologist employed by the Cryonics Institute to develop vitrification mixture, improve perfusion protocol and find formulations to minimize cold ischemia (a concern for ...
Cryonics (often mistakenly called "cryogenics") is the practice of cryopreserving humans or animals that can no longer be sustained by contemporary medicine until resuscitation may be possible in the future. The process is not currently reversible, and by law can only be performed on humans after legal death.
Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...