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0 – Thin liquids: Unthickened, such as water or juice. Common thin liquids include coffee, tea, clear broth, clear juice, skim milk, 2% milk, and whole milk. 1 – Slightly thick (between 9 and 6 ml pour out of a 10ml syringe in 10 seconds) 2 – Mildly thick (between 6 and 2 ml pour out) 3 – Moderately thick (2 or less ml pour out)
For liquid, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 0.001 to 1 Pascal-second, or 1 to 1000 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 1000 kg/m^3, i.e. that of water. Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n ...
With a typical liquid mass diffusivity in the order of 10 −9 m 2 /s, [2] the characteristic time for diffusion through a 20 micron thick liquid layer is 0.4 s. Therefore, the thinness of both phases (organic and aqueous) causes a relatively "immediate" mass transfer of guest species from one phase to the other, which means that this process has a low mass transfer resistance.
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The sudden application of force—by stabbing the surface with a finger, for example, or rapidly inverting the container holding it—causes the fluid to behave like a solid rather than a liquid. This is the " shear thickening " property of this non-Newtonian fluid.
Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...
Glands secreting a sugary liquid—the nectar—in flowers pollinated by insects are called nectaries. Nectaries may occur on the floral stalk or on any floral organ: sepal, petal, stamen, or ovary. The hydathode structures discharge water—a phenomenon called guttation through openings in margins or tips of leaves.
The basic form of a 2-dimensional thin film equation is [3] [4] [5] = where the fluid flux is = [(+ ^) + ^] +, and μ is the viscosity (or dynamic viscosity) of the liquid, h(x,y,t) is film thickness, γ is the interfacial tension between the liquid and the gas phase above it, is the liquid density and the surface shear.