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Isfara Valley Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan: In April 2021, a violent disagreement broke out in Isfara Valley, supposedly over the installation of surveillance cameras by the Tajiks at a water intake station of a reservoir. [47] It escalated into an armed conflict that reached hundreds of civilian casualties.
Isfara (Tajik: Исфара; Russian: Исфара) is a city in Sughd Region in northern Tajikistan, situated on the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city was the seat of the former Isfara District . There are currently territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the area of Isfara Valley.
The Fergana Valley is an intermountain depression in Central Asia, between the mountain systems of the Tien Shan in the north and the Alay in the south. The valley is approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) long and up to 70 kilometres (43 mi) wide, forming an area covering 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi).
Isfara District or Nohiya-i Isfara (Tajik: Ноҳияи Исфара) is a former district at the northeastern edge of Sughd Region, Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan's Ferghana Valley to the north and Kyrgyzstan to the south. [1] Its capital was Isfara. Vorukh, an enclave surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, is also part of Isfara.
In Kosovo, a state-owned energy company plans to destroy a village to make way for expanded coal mining as the government and the World Bank plan for a proposed coal-burning power plant. The government has already forced roughly 1,000 residents from their homes. Many former residents claim officials violated World Bank policy requiring borrowers to restore their living conditions at equal or ...
Hence, later demarcation of its international borders has been complex. As a result, today large areas of land officially claimed by one state in the Fergana Valley are being farmed by citizens of the other states, an example of which lies along the Batken-Isfara (Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan) border, where over 1300 hectares of land are disputed. [18]
The Isfara is a river of the Syr Darya basin in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. [2] In its upper course, it is called Ak-Suu, in its middle course Karavshin. [1] It rises in the Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is fed by the glaciers on the northern flank of the Turkestan Range. It initially flows in a western arc around a foothill chain.
In the complex system approach to peace and armed conflict, the social systems of armed conflict are viewed as complex [1] dynamical systems. [2] The study of positive and negative feedback processes, attractors and system dimensionality, phase transitions and emergence is seen as providing improved understanding of the conflicts and of the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of interventions ...