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If a comet with this speed fell to the Earth it would gain another 63 MJ/kg, yielding a total of 2655 MJ/kg with a speed of 72.9 km/s. Since the equator is moving at about 0.5 km/s, the impact speed has an upper limit of 73.4 km/s, giving an upper limit for the specific energy of a comet hitting the Earth of about 2690 MJ/kg.
Since the heat of combustion of these elements is known, the heating value can be calculated using Dulong's Formula: HHV [kJ/g]= 33.87m C + 122.3(m H - m O ÷ 8) + 9.4m S where m C , m H , m O , m N , and m S are the contents of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur on any (wet, dry or ash free) basis, respectively.
J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1: L 2 T −2 Θ −1: Molar specific heat capacity (isochoric) ... M m = molar mass ... Thermodynamic equation calculator
2 (736 J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1) is greater than that of an hypothetical monatomic gas with the same molecular mass 28 (445 J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1), by a factor of 5 / 3 . The vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom do not contribute significantly to the heat capacity in this case, due to the relatively large energy level gaps for both ...
, , and are the usual agents of a chemical equation with coefficients and is a positive or negative numerical value, which generally has units of kJ/mol. Another equation may include the symbol to denote energy; 's position determines whether the reaction is considered endothermic (energy-absorbing) or exothermic (energy-releasing).
Kinetic energy of 7.26 kg [91] standard men's shot thrown at 14.7 m/s [citation needed] by the world record holder Randy Barnes [92] 8.01×10 2 J Amount of work needed to lift a man with an average weight (81.7 kg) one meter above Earth (or any planet with Earth gravity) 10 3: kilo-(kJ) 1.1×10 3 J
Note that the especially high molar values, as for paraffin, gasoline, water and ammonia, result from calculating specific heats in terms of moles of molecules. If specific heat is expressed per mole of atoms for these substances, none of the constant-volume values exceed, to any large extent, the theoretical Dulong–Petit limit of 25 J⋅mol ...
Molecular spring approximate [citation needed] 1: battery, Lithium–Manganese [19] [20] 0.83-1.01: 1.98-2.09: battery, Sodium–Sulfur: 0.72 [21] 1.23 [citation needed] 85% [22] battery, Lithium-ion [23] [24] 0.46-0.72: 0.83-3.6 [25] 95% [26] battery, Sodium–Nickel Chloride, High Temperature: 0.56: battery, Zinc–manganese (alkaline), long ...