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In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN) [1] is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1 H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the universe. This type of nucleosynthesis is thought by most ...
Nucleosynthesis. Diagram illustration the creation of new elements by the alpha process. Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons) and nuclei. According to current theories, the first nuclei were formed a few minutes after the Big Bang, through nuclear reactions in a process ...
He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. Gamow discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay by quantum tunneling , invented the liquid drop model and the first mathematical model of the atomic nucleus , worked on radioactive decay , star formation , stellar nucleosynthesis , Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which ...
The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology. Research published in 2015 estimates the earliest stages of the universe's existence as taking place 13.8 billion years ago, with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level. [1]
The amount of lithium generated in the Big Bang can be calculated. [4] Hydrogen-1 is the most abundant nuclide , comprising roughly 92% of the atoms in the Universe, with helium-4 second at 8%. Other isotopes including 2 H, 3 H, 3 He, 6 Li, 7 Li, and 7 Be are much rarer; the estimated abundance of primordial lithium is 10 −10 relative to ...
B − L. −1. X. −3. A neutrino (/ njuːˈtriːnoʊ / new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1 /2) that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. [ 2 ][ 3 ] The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small (-ino) that ...
The generally accepted model of the formation of the Universe states that it happened as the result of the Big Bang. In this model, in the time interval of 10 −10 –10 −6 s after the Big Bang, matter existed in the form of a quark–gluon plasma. It is possible to reproduce the density and temperature of matter existing of that time in ...
An atom consists of an atomic nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons (both of which are baryons), and electrons that orbit the nucleus. [46]: 1476 Soon after the Big Bang, primordial protons and neutrons formed from the quark–gluon plasma of the early universe as it cooled below