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The fern test is most commonly used to provide evidence of the presence of amniotic fluid and is used in obstetrics to detect preterm premature rupture of membranes and/or the onset of labor. It also may provide indirect evidence of ovulation and fertility, although it does not predict the time of ovulation. [1]
Sealing membranes after rupture: Infection is the major risk associated with PROM and PPROM. [25] By closing the ruptured membranes, it is hoped that there would be a decrease in infection, as well as encouraging the re-accumulation of amniotic fluid in the uterus to protect the fetus and allow for further lung development.
Detection of rupture of membranes mainly include: [10] Pooling test: visualization of amniotic fluid pooling in the vagina; Nitrazine paper test; Fern test; Amniotic fluid index; For results to be roughly 90% accurate in infection detection, a combination of both an arborization test and nitrazine paper test may be used. [11]
Because pH in the upper vagina is normally acidic (pH 3.8–4.5), a vaginal pH test showing a pH of more than 4.5 strengthens a suspicion of rupture of membranes in case of clear vaginal discharge in pregnancy. [7] Other tests for detecting amniotic fluid mainly include nitrazine paper test and fern test. [8]
Placental alpha microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) is a human protein that was first isolated in 1975 from amniotic fluid.PAMG-1 is an important biomarker for the detection of premature rupture of fetal membrane (PROM) The high concentration of PAMG-1 in amniotic fluid means it can be used to detect if this fluid is present in the cervico-vaginal discharge of pregnant women; the presence of PAMG-1 in ...
Because of this, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists does not consider positive fFN as diagnostic of prelabor rupture of membranes in the absence of other signs and symptoms and cautions that "[t]hese test kits should be considered ancillary to standard methods of diagnosis." [6]
Umbilical cord prolapse should always be considered a possibility when there is a sudden decrease in fetal heart rate or variable decelerations, particularly after the rupture of membranes. With overt prolapses, the diagnosis can be confirmed if the cord can be felt on vaginal examination.
This test is done to ascertain the nature of fluid in the vagina during pregnancy especially when premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is suspect. This test involves putting a drop of fluid obtained from the vagina onto paper strips containing nitrazine dye. The strips change color depending on the pH of the fluid. The strips will turn blue if ...