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In 1866, Bolivia declared war against Spain during the Chincha Islands War which also involved Peru, Chile and Ecuador. [5] During the Spanish Civil War, Bolivian diplomatic missions in Spain offered asylum to over 300 Spanish citizens and issued visas and safe conduct documents to Spanish nationals to flee to France or to Bolivia. [6]
To this end, Spain soon created an elaborate bureaucracy in the New World in which various institutions served as watchdogs over each other, and local officials had considerable autonomy. [ 4 ] Upper Peru, at first a part of the Viceroyalty of Peru , was included in the new Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata (whose capital was Buenos Aires ) when ...
A Collection of Pamphlets on the History of Bolivia in the Second Half of The Nineteenth Century (1900) online in Spanish; Crabtree, John, et al. The Great Tin Crash: Bolivia and the World Tin Market (1987) excerpt; Dangl, Benjamin. The Five Hundred Year Rebellion: Indigenous Movements and the Decolonization of History in Bolivia (AK Press, 2019).
Two years later, Francisco Franco, a general of the Army of Africa, rebelled against the republican government and started the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). During the Second World War the Vichy French presence in Tangier was overcome by that of Francoist Spain.
All of the colonies, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, attained independence by the 1820s. The British Empire offered support, wanting to end the Spanish monopoly on trade with its colonies in the Americas. In 1898, the United States achieved victory in the Spanish–American War with Spain, ending the Spanish colonial era. Spanish possession and ...
Having lost its entire coastal territory, Bolivia withdrew from the war, while the war between Chile and Peru continued for three more years. Bolivia officially ceded the coastal territory to Chile only twenty-four years later, under the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship. [6] The War of the Pacific was a turning point in Bolivian history.
The Bolivian War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de Bolivia, 1809–1825) began with the establishment of government juntas in Sucre and La Paz, after the Chuquisaca Revolution and La Paz revolution. These Juntas were defeated shortly after, and the cities fell again under Spanish control.
Subsequently, Spain and the South American allies signed peace treaties separately: Peru (1879), Bolivia (1879), Chile (1883), and Ecuador (1885) Bolivian Civil War of 1870 (1870–1871) Bolivia: Rebels Victory. Government victory; War of the Pacific (1879–1883) Bolivia Peru Chile: Defeat. Litoral Department ceded by Bolivia to Chile