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Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, [1] resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. [2] It occurs when free radicals , specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes , typically polyunsaturated fatty ...
The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) belongs to the family of glutathione peroxidases, which consists of 8 known mammalian isoenzymes (GPX1–8).GPX4 catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides at the expense of reduced glutathione and functions in the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC 1.11.1.9) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage. [2] The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to ...
Deuterium-reinforced lipids can be used for protecting living cells by slowing the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. [1] The lipid bilayer of the cell and organelle membranes contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are key components of cell and organelle membranes. Any process that either increases oxidation of PUFAs or hinders their ...
It has been claimed [by whom?] that the α-tocopherol form is the most important lipid-soluble antioxidant, and that it protects membranes from oxidation by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. [92] [95] This removes the free radical intermediates and prevents the propagation reaction from continuing.
Many common phenomena can be attributed to autoxidation, such as food going rancid, [2] the 'drying' of varnishes and paints, and the perishing of rubber. [3] It is also an important concept in both industrial chemistry and biology. [4] Autoxidation is therefore a fairly broad term and can encompass examples of photooxygenation and catalytic ...
The enzymatic components may directly scavenge active oxygen species or may act by producing the nonenzymatic antioxidants. There are four enzymes that provide the bulk of protection against deleterious reactions involving active oxygen in bacteria: SODs (superoxide dismutases encoded by sodA and sodB), catalases (katE and katG), glutathione ...
Alpha-tocopherol is a fat-soluble antioxidant functioning within the glutathione peroxidase pathway, [15] and protecting cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. [3] [16] This removes the free radical intermediates and prevents the oxidation reaction from continuing.