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The energy in joules can be calculated from the capacitance (C) of the object and the static potential V in volts (V) by the formula E = ½CV 2. [27] One experimenter estimates the capacitance of the human body as high as 400 picofarads , and a voltage of 50,000 volts, discharged e.g. during touching a charged car, creating a spark with energy ...
The number density of the electron gas was assumed to be =, where Z is the effective number of de-localized electrons per ion, for which Drude used the valence number, A is the atomic mass per mole, [Ashcroft & Mermin 10] is the mass density (mass per unit volume) [Ashcroft & Mermin 10] of the "ions", and N A is the Avogadro constant.
Mass near the M87* black hole is converted into a very energetic astrophysical jet, stretching five thousand light years.. In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement.
the total electric charge density (total charge per unit volume), ρ, and; the total electric current density (total current per unit area), J. The universal constants appearing in the equations (the first two ones explicitly only in the SI formulation) are: the permittivity of free space, ε 0, and; the permeability of free space, μ 0, and
Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current S/m L −3 M −1 T 3 I 2: scalar Electric potential: φ: Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point volt (V = J/C) L 2 M T −3 I −1: extensive, scalar Electrical resistance: R: Electric potential per unit electric current ohm (Ω = V/A ...
A voltage across a conductor causes an electric field, which accelerates the electrons in the direction of the electric field, causing a drift of electrons which is the electric current. However the electrons collide with atoms which causes them to scatter and randomizes their motion, thus converting kinetic energy to heat ( thermal energy ).
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
Polarization density, general description of the physics of polarization; Static electricity, electric charge often but not always due to triboelectricity; Tribology, science of friction, lubrication and wear; Triboluminescence, light associated with sliding or contacts; Work function, the energy to remove an electron from a surface