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An abrasion is a partial thickness wound caused by damage to the skin. [1] It can be superficial involving only the epidermis to deep, involving the deep dermis. Abrasions usually involve minimal bleeding. [ 2 ]
Excoriation: A punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis, but commonly reaching the papillary dermis. [30] [33] Ulcer: An ulcer is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis. [32] [33]
Abrasion — Also called a graze, this is caused by transverse action of a foreign object against the skin, and usually does not penetrate below the epidermis. Excoriation — In common with Abrasion, this is caused by mechanical destruction of the skin, although it usually has an underlying medical cause.
Diagramatic representation of mucosal erosion (left), excoriation (center), and ulceration (right) Simplistic representation of the life cycle of mouth ulcers. An ulcer (/ ˈ ʌ l s ər /; from Latin ulcus, "ulcer, sore") [2] is a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue and the disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue. [3]
There have been many different theories regarding the causes of excoriation disorder, including biological and environmental factors. [10]A common hypothesis is that excoriation disorder is often a coping mechanism to deal with elevated levels of turmoil, boredom, anxiety, or stress within the individual, and that the individual has an impaired stress response.
However, due to the stigma associated with chronic scratching, some patients will not admit to chronic rubbing or abrasion. The skin may become thickened and hyperpigmented (lichenified) as a direct result of chronic excoriation. [3] Typically this period of increased scratching is associated with stressors.
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The aetiology of dental abrasion can be due to a single stimulus or, as in most cases, multi-factorial. [6] The most common cause of dental abrasion is the combination of mechanical and chemical wear. Tooth brushing is the most common cause of dental abrasion, which is found to develop along the gingival margin, due to vigorous brushing in this ...