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Muscle architecture is the physical arrangement of muscle fibers at the macroscopic level that determines a muscle's mechanical function. There are several different muscle architecture types including: parallel, pennate and hydrostats.
The muscle architecture of pennate muscles, such as the human quadriceps, is highly plastic and strongly influences contractile properties. [6] Changes to pennate muscle architectural properties, such as pennation angle and thereby the PCSA, can alter the muscle's force-producing capabilities as well as the AGR at which the muscle operates.
Muscle types by fiber arrangement Types of pennate muscle. A – unipennate; B – bipennate; C – multipennate. Muscle architecture refers to the arrangement of muscle fibers relative to the axis of force generation, which runs from a muscle's origin to its insertion. The usual arrangements are types of parallel, and types of pennate muscle.
A pennate or pinnate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a type of skeletal muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. This type of muscle generally allows higher force production but a smaller range of motion. [1] [2] When a muscle contracts and shortens, the pennation angle increases. [3]
Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in parts of the body where it conveys action without conscious intent. The majority of this type of muscle tissue is found in the digestive and urinary systems where it acts by propelling forward food, chyme, and feces in the former and urine in the latter.
HuffPost looked at how killers got their guns for the 10 deadliest mass shootings over the past 10 years. To come up with the list, we used Mother Jones’ database, which defines mass shootings as “indiscriminate rampages in public places” that kill three or more people.
The Army helicopter that collided with a passenger jet last week in Washington had its tracking technology turned off at the time of the crash, U.S. Senator Ted Cruz told the New York Times. The ...
The muscle cross-sectional area (blue line in figure 1, also known as anatomical cross-section area, or ACSA) does not accurately represent the number of muscle fibers in the muscle. A better estimate is provided by the total area of the cross-sections perpendicular to the muscle fibers (green lines in figure 1).