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An underground rocket or rocket drill is a device for rapidly drilling holes through soil and rock of varying composition at rates up to 1 metre per second [1] [2] by utilising supersonic jets of hot gases. It was developed by Russian engineer Mikhail Tsiferov in 1948.
A post-hole auger. An earth auger, earth drill, or post-hole auger is a drilling tool used for making holes in the ground. [1] It typically consists of a rotating vertical metal rod or pipe with one or more blades attached at the lower end, that cut or scrape the soil.
Boring is drilling a hole, tunnel, or well in the Earth. It is used for various applications in geology, agriculture, hydrology, civil engineering, and mineral exploration. Today, most Earth drilling serves one of the following purposes: return samples of the soil and/or rock through which the drill passes; access rocks from which material can ...
The first hole is dug on one side of the obstacle. This hole must be large enough to fit the tool and allow the operator to aim it. The hole also must be deep enough so that, as the tool compacts the ground, the surface remains undisturbed. The depth of the starting bore pit depends on the type of soil being worked in and how well it compacts.
The basic method will work only in loose (clay, silt, sand and light gravel) soils, but adaptations of the principle are applied in a number of modern hand drilling methods, with valves either at the top or at the bottom of the pipe and with various models of drill bits for different soil conditions.
K.S. Tom describes the drilling process: "The Chinese method of deep drilling was accomplished by a team of men jumping on and off a beam to impact the drilling bit while the boring tool was rotated by buffalo and oxen." [4] This was the same method used for extracting petroleum in California during the 1860s (i.e. "kicking her down").
This method is particularly effective for drilling through hard and compacted soils, as well as rocks, due to the bucket's cylindrical design with cutting teeth at the base, which excavates and retains soil or rock as it rotates. Drill buckets are commonly used in foundation drilling for constructing deep piles and shafts. [13]
In geotechnical engineering, a tieback is a structural element installed in soil or rock to transfer applied tensile load into the ground. Typically in the form of a horizontal wire or rod, or a helical anchor, a tieback is commonly used along with other retaining systems (e.g. soldier piles , sheet piles, secant and tangent walls) to provide ...